The literature on programming languages contains an abundance of informal claims on the relative expressive power of programming languages, but there is no framework for formalizing such statements nor for deriving interesting consequences. As a first step in this direction, we develop a formal notion of expressiveness and investigate its properties. To demonstrate the theory's closeness to published intuitions on expressiveness, we analyze the expressive power of several extensions of functional languages. Based on these results, we believe that our system correctly captures many of the informal ideas on expressiveness, and that it constitutes a good basis for further research in this direction.

Paper link: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F3-540-52592-0_60.pdf

Watch Shriram Krishnamurthi's talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43XaZEn2aLc

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